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Veterinary Anatomy

Free reference guide: Veterinary Anatomy

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About Veterinary Anatomy

The Veterinary Anatomy Reference is a comprehensive, searchable guide to the anatomy of the four major domestic species: canine, feline, equine, and bovine. It covers skeletal structures (320 bones in dogs, 230 in cats), digestive systems (from simple stomachs to the bovine four-compartment rumen), cardiovascular anatomy, urogenital systems, muscular systems, and sensory organs with species-specific clinical details.

This reference organizes anatomical data into five categories: Canine Anatomy (skeleton, digestive, cardiovascular, urogenital, muscular, lymph nodes), Feline Anatomy (skeleton with vestigial clavicle, retractable claws, tapetum lucidum, unique digestive features requiring taurine), Equine Anatomy (hindgut fermentation, hoof structure, obligate nasal breathing, single-digit limbs), Bovine Anatomy (four-compartment stomach, udder structure, bicornuate uterus, artiodactyl skeleton), and Comparative Anatomy (dental formulas, GI tract lengths, heart rates, blood volumes, gestation periods, spinal cord segments).

Whether you are a veterinary student studying for board exams, a practicing veterinarian needing a quick anatomical reference, or a veterinary technician reviewing species-specific clinical anatomy, this tool provides instant access to key anatomical data with quantitative values. All content is accessible in your browser with no server processing, and supports both Korean and English.

Key Features

  • Canine anatomy covering 320-bone skeleton, digestive system (0.5-8L stomach, 1.7-6m small intestine), cardiovascular with heart rate ranges, and palpable lymph node locations
  • Feline anatomy with unique features including vestigial clavicle, retractable claw mechanism, tapetum lucidum for night vision, taurine-dependent nutrition, and superior urine concentration ability
  • Equine anatomy covering hindgut fermentation (25-30L cecum, 80-100L large colon), detailed hoof structure (wall, sole, frog, laminae), obligate nasal breathing, and single-digit limb anatomy
  • Bovine anatomy with four-compartment stomach (150-200L rumen at 80% total capacity), udder structure with 4 quarters, bicornuate uterus, and artiodactyl skeletal features
  • Comparative anatomy tables for dental formulas (dog 42, cat 30, horse 36-44, cow 32), GI tract length ratios, resting heart rates, circulating blood volumes, and gestation periods
  • Spinal cord segment reference with clinical significance for neurological localization including common IVDD sites in dogs
  • Species-specific clinical correlations including normal body temperature ranges, blood types for transfusion, and litter sizes
  • Bilingual Korean and English entries with precise quantitative anatomical measurements for every species

Frequently Asked Questions

What species does this veterinary anatomy reference cover?

This reference covers four major domestic species: canine (dog), feline (cat), equine (horse), and bovine (cow). Each species section includes skeletal, digestive, cardiovascular, and urogenital system anatomy. A comparative anatomy section provides side-by-side data across all species.

What canine anatomy is included?

The canine section covers the 320-bone skeleton (cranium, spine with C7/T13/L7/S3/Cd20-23, 13 rib pairs), digestive system (25-30cm esophagus, 0.5-8L stomach, 1.7-6m small intestine, 6-lobe liver), cardiovascular system (4-chamber heart, coronary arteries, heart rates of 60-140 bpm by size), urogenital system, muscular system, and palpable lymph node locations.

What unique feline anatomical features are covered?

The feline section highlights unique features: vestigial clavicle allowing passage through narrow spaces, retractable claw mechanism using elastic ligaments, tapetum lucidum for superior night vision, vertical slit pupils, 30+ ear muscles with 180-degree rotation, Jacobson's organ for pheromone detection, rough filiform papillae on the tongue, and the fully ossified hyoid apparatus enabling purring.

What equine digestive anatomy is included?

The equine section covers the hindgut fermenter digestive system: 36-44 teeth with lifelong eruption, 1.2-1.5m esophagus (cannot vomit), 8-15L simple stomach (small relative to body), 21-25m small intestine, 25-30L cecum as the primary fermentation vat, and 80-100L large colon. The hoof anatomy section details wall, sole, frog, coffin bone, and laminae.

How is the bovine four-compartment stomach organized?

The bovine stomach consists of: Rumen (1st, 150-200L, 80% total capacity, microbial fermentation), Reticulum (2nd, 5%, honeycomb structure retaining foreign bodies), Omasum (3rd, 8%, many folds for water absorption), and Abomasum (4th, 7%, the true stomach with enzymatic digestion). This is the hallmark anatomy of ruminant digestion.

What comparative anatomy data is available?

The comparative section includes: dental formulas (dog 42, cat 30, horse 36-44, cow 32 teeth), GI tract length-to-body ratios (cow 20:1, horse 12:1, dog 6:1, cat 4:1), resting heart rates, normal body temperatures, circulating blood volumes (60-90 mL/kg by species), gestation periods (63 days for dog/cat to 340 days for horse), and blood types for transfusion.

Does this reference include neurological anatomy?

Yes, the spinal cord segment section covers neurological localization: cervical (C1-C8) for tetraparesis, thoracolumbar (T3-L3) for paraplegia, lumbar for lower motor neuron lesions, and sacral (S1-S3) for bladder/anal sphincter function. Common canine IVDD sites (T11-L2, C2-C3) and myelography puncture location (L5-L6) are included.

Is this reference suitable for veterinary board exam preparation?

Yes, this reference is designed as a quick-review tool with precise quantitative data commonly tested on veterinary licensing exams. It covers key anatomical measurements, species-specific features, and comparative values in a searchable, categorized format ideal for rapid review.